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Genetics is the branch of biology that studies how traits are passed on from one generation to the next and why there are similarities and differences between related individuals. Prior to the discovery of genes, scientists knew that parents passed something down to their offspring, but they did not know how or what. Gregor Mendel’s famous experiments with peas indicated that certain features, such as pea texture and flower color, are encoded by two sets of traits and that the parental traits can be separated. Decades later, scientists discovered that parents passed down DNA, which was present in chromosomes. Since the discovery of DNA, we have come to appreciate the importance of chromosomes. Genomics is a relatively new field with the bold aim of understanding the function of every single gene in a genome, including the human genome. This field took off with the completion of the first sequenced genome, and after the completion of the Human Genome Project, it has attracted increasing research. Mendelian…

Learn to differentiate between DNA and RNA and between mitosis and meiosis through Education Portal's chapter on basic genetics. Our team of professional educators, who have experience in biology, designed the video lessons in this chapter to be brief and easy to follow. You'll get an overview of genetics before exploring more complex topics, like DNA mutation and comparative genomics. Other topics covered in this chapter include cloning and genetic modification. To be sure you've mastered the material covered in each video lesson, you can take the accompanying self-assessment quiz. Biology 102: Basic Genetics can help you prepare for the Excelsior College Basic Genetics exam ; passing this exam can earn you actual college credit.